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［Abstract］ Objective To investigate the trends of proportion and in-hospital mortality of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) over the past 12 years. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 4 868 patients, who were hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Jan. 1, 2007 to Dec. 31, 2018. The annual percentage change (APC) method was used to analyze the changes of the proportion and in-hospital mortality of STEMI and NSTEMI patients. Results Of the 4 868 AMI patients, 3 064 (62.9%) had STEMI and 1 804 (37.1%) had NSTEMI. The proportion of NSTEMI patients significantly increased within the 12 years (APC value 14.0%, P＜0.01), from 15.7% in 2007 to 45.2% in 2018; the proportion of STEMI patients showed a significant decline (APC value －5.5%, P＜0.01), from 84.3% in 2007 to 54.8% in 2018. The in-hospital mortality of AMI patients showed a significantly downward trend (APC value －6.6%, P＜0.05), from 7.0% in 2007 to 4.3% in 2018. The in-hospital mortality of NSTEMI patients also showed a significant decline (APC value －11.9%, P＜0.05), from 13.9% in 2007 to 1.9% in 2018, while that of STEMI patients showed no significant change (APC value －3.8%, P＝0.225). Conclusion Among AMI patients in our hospital from 2007 to 2018, the proportion of NSTEMI patients showed an increasing trend. The in-hospital mortality of NSTEMI patients decreased within the 12 years, while that of STEMI patients did not.
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OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily explore the application of FTIR in microbial source tracking for specified microorganisms in pharmaceutical products. METHODS: The repeatability, intermediate precision, and accuracy of FTIR were investigate in selected conditions. RESULTS: Under standard operation and culture conditions, the repeatability, intermediate precision, and accuracy of FTIR met the basic requirements for microbial source tracking as judged by a threshold value of similarity index of greater than 0.95. The tracking results of 12 bacterial strains were almost the same as RiboPrinter analysis. CONCLUSION: FTIR is economic and fast. It is advantageous for promotion of specified microorganisms source tracking in enterprises.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of M(5) muscarinic receptor subtype on the locomotor sensitization induced by heroin priming, and it's effect on the FosB expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the hippocampus in the heroin sensitized rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Locomotor activity was measured every 10 min for 1 h after subcutaneous injection of heroin. FosB expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry, and the antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ONs) targeting M(5) muscarinic receptor was transferred with the lipofectin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microinjection of AS-ONs targeting M(5) muscarinic receptor in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) blocked the expression of behavioral sensitization induced by heroin priming in rats. Meanwhile, the expression of FosB-positive neurons in either the NAc or the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus increased in heroin-induced locomotor sensitized rats. The enhancement of FosB-positive neurons in the NAc or DG could be inhibited by microinjection of M(5) muscarinic receptor AS-ONs into the VTA before the heroin-induced locomotor sensitization was performed. In contrast, microinjection of M(5) muscarinic receptor sense oligonucleotide (S-ONs) into the VTA did not block the expression of behavioral sensitization or the expression of FosB in the NAc or DG in the heroin sensitized rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blocking M(5) muscarinic receptor in the VTA inhibits the expression of heroin-induced locomotor sensitization, which is associated with the regulation of FosB expression in the NAc and hippocampus neurons. M(5) muscarinic receptor may be a useful pharmacological target for the treatment of heroin addiction.</p>